Molecular heterogeneity in aqueous cosolvent systems

Enzymology in aqueous-organic cosolvent binary mixtures.

The theory and results of solvent structure control on solute behavior for ordinary chemical reactions, generated in other laboratories (e.g. by Arnett and colleagues), were applied to enzyme reactions in water-organic cosolvent binary mixtures. Three kinds of reactions were studied: (a) catalysis of substrate reactions; (b) denaturation, judged by loss of overall activity; (c) renaturation, ai...

Molecular insights in aqueous systems: from electrolyte solutions to aqueous nanoscale interfaces

The unique structure and dynamics of the water hydrogen (H)-bond network enable a multitude of structures and chemical reactions in both bulk solutions and at interfaces. The underlying molecular interactions between water and dissolved electrolytes, organic molecules, and nanoscale interfaces are difficult to study and hence not fully understood, especially when it involves interactions of len...

investigation of digoxin solubility in different cosolvent systems

Poly (vinylpyrrolidone)-Grafted Silica as a Polymeric Cosolvent Catalyst for Organic Transformations in Organic and Aqueous Media

Poly (vinylpyrrolidone)-grafted silica as an organic-inorganic hybrid material was used as an effective heterogeneous polymeric cosolvent catalyst in organic reactions. This modified silica catalyzed nucleophilic displacement of alkyl halides for easy preparation of alkyl thiocyanates, alkyl cyanides, alkyl azides and alkyl aryl ethers. Furthermore, the catalyst was applied for the conversion o...

Molecular Heterogeneity of Human

Interleukin 2 (IL-2,1 formerly termed T cell growth factor), discovered by Morgan et al. (1) is produced by T lymphocytes after antigen or mitogen stimulation and is required for the proliferation of activated T cells. IL-2 is an essential mediator o f the immune response (2, 3), and there is prel iminary evidence that it may also be responsible for the abnormal cell proliferation in h u m a n ...